Namgyal Tsetan
Issue Section Research
Keywords Translation, Two Volume Lexicon, Madhyavyutpatti, sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa, Tibetan imperial translation
Abstract
The new fragments of the Two Volume Lexicon (sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa), also known as Madhyavyutpatti, or the “Middle Vyutpatti” (bye brag tu rtogs byed ’bring po) which were discovered at Tabo monastery in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, in northern India, suggest that the Lexicon was very likely composed in 783 CE during the reign of King Trisong Detsen (khri srong lde btsan, r. 755–797 CE). This article attempts to provide illustrations of each dharma-translation method (dharma bsgyur ba’i thabs) witnessed both in the first part of the Lexicon (imperial decree, 783) in the Tabo version and in the version (imperial decree, 814) stored in the Tibet Museum (bod ljongs rten rdzas bshams mdzod khang). It will illustrate how the historical Tibetan process of translating texts from the Indian language into Tibetan can help inform the current project of translating Buddhist texts from Tibetan into English, Chinese and other languages.
རྒྱ་གར་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཧི་མ་ཅལ་མངའ་སྡེའི་སྤྱི་ཏི་ཁུལ་གྱི་ཏ་པོ་དགོན་པར་གསར་རྙེད་བྱུང་བའི་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་བམ་གཉིས་(སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་བམ་པོ་གཉིས་པའམ་མ་དྷྱ་བྱུཏྤ་ཏ་ཞེས་ཀྱང་བྱ། བྱེ་བྲག་རྟོགས་བྱེད་འབྲིང་པོ།)དུམ་པ་གསར་མ་ཁག་གིས་ཚིག་མཛོད་དེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་(༧༥༥-༧༩༧)གྱི་སྲིད་ལོ་སྤྱི་ལོ་༧༨༣ལོར་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་བྱས་པར་བསྟན་ལ། རྩོམ་ཡིག་འདིར་ཏ་པོ་དགོན་པའི་པར་མ་(རྒྱལ་པོས་བཀས་བཅད་ལོ་༧༨༣)དང་བོད་ཀྱི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་(བོད་ལྗོངས་རྟེན་རྫས་བཤམས་མཛོད་ཁང་།)དུ་གསོག་ཉར་བྱས་པའི་པར་མ་(རྒྱལ་པོས་བཀས་བཅད་ལོ་༨༡༤)གཉིས་ཀའི་སྟོད་ཆ་ལས་དངོས་སུ་མཐོང་བའི་ཆོས་སྒྱུར་ཐབས་ཁག་གསལ་འདོན་བྱེད་ཐབས་བྱེད་པ་དང་། དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་སྐད་ལས་བོད་དུ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཐོག་གི་བཀའ་བསྟན་བོད་བསྒྱུར་གྱི་རིམ་པ་ཡིས། ད་ལྟ་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་བོད་སྐད་ལས་ཨིན་ཡིག་དང་རྒྱ་ཡིག་སོགས་སྐད་ཡིག་གཞན་དང་གཞན་ལ་སྒྱུར་བའི་ལས་གཞི་ཁག་ལ་རོགས་འདེགས་ཇི་ལྟར་བྱ་ཐབས་སྐོར་གསལ་འདོན་བྱས་ཡོད།།Namgyal Tsetan
Published 2024-05-31
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Bibliography
Abbreviations
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Spyi mnyam rtsa tshig = Krung yang ’bangs gzhung mi rigs don byed u yon lhan khang nas bsgyur cing dpar du bkod pa’o// July 1950. 13–42. Krung go’i ’bangs srid gros tshogs spyi mnyam gyi rtsa tshig.Beijing. [Ngag dbang skal bzang, Huáng míngxìn黄明信 and Lĭ chūnxiān 李春先 (His Tibetan name is Chos nor? He is Tibetan, and he was the Tibetan Secretary of the Ninth Panchen Lama) Trans. See 降边嘉措 2021: 5] .
San ming kru’u yi’i bsdus don (三民主义要义)=Byams pa rnam rgyal (杨质夫, 1906–1961) trans., Shes rab rgya mtsho revised. 1947. rGya bod shan sbyar san ming kru’u yi’i bsdus don bzhugs so. 1–158. Nanjing.
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Xiéyì 协议 = Zhōngyāng rénmín zhèngfŭ hé xīzàng dìfāng zhèngfŭ guānyú hépíng jiěfàng xīzàng bànfă de xiéyì中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议 (photocopy) (Krung dbyang mi dmangs srid gzhung dang bod kyi sa gnas srid gzhung gnyis bod zhi bas bcings bkrol ’byung thabs skor gyi gros mthun/). May 23rd 1951. 1–16. Beijing.
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Canonical Works
Candragomin (5th c.). 1724. Nye bar bsgyur ba nyi shu pa’i ’grel pa zhes bya ba. Translated by Thar pa lo tsā ba nyi ma rgyal mtshan (13th c.). Peking Tengyur, 204, 76–86. Q5768. http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW1KG13126_5768
Dharmakīrti. 1724. Tshad ma rnam ’grel gyi tshig le’ur byas pa. Translated by rMa lo tsā ba dge ba’i blo gros and Bhayaraj. Peking Tengyur, 183, 383–504. Q5709. http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW1KG13126_5709.
Indian upādhyāyas Śākya sena and Jñāna siddhi and the great reviser, translator ban de Dhar- matāśīla (9th c.) and others trans. ’Phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa. Stog pho brang bris ma bka’ ’gyur, rgyud, 104, 50: 10–824. Leh: Sman rtsis Shes rig Dpe mzod, 1975–1980. http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW22083_0537
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Thams cad mkhyen pa’i bshes gnyen. ’Phags ma sgrol ma’i me tog phreng ba ’dzin pa’i bstod pa. Translated by Zla ba gzhon nu. Dergé Tengyur, rgyud, Śa, 46a2–49b6. D1692.
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